Armenia’s recent decision to hand over four border villages to Azerbaijan represents a significant development in the longstanding conflict between the two nations. This move, aimed at normalizing relations, comes after years of hostility and two devastating wars since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The villages of Baghanis, Voskepar, Kirants, and Berkaber were officially returned to Azerbaijan’s control as part of a border delimitation agreement, marking a tangible step towards peace in the South Caucasus region.
Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan, who agreed to the transfer in March, has portrayed the deal as a milestone for strengthening Armenia’s sovereignty. However, the decision has ignited protests within Armenia, with demonstrators accusing Pashinyan of betrayal and demanding his resignation. Critics argue that the transfer of territory without guarantees in return could leave nearby Armenian settlements vulnerable and isolated, intensifying domestic tensions.
Despite the villages being uninhabited, their strategic location near Armenia’s main highway and gas pipeline from Russia adds significance to the transfer. These territories hold key importance in terms of transportation and energy infrastructure, underscoring the broader geopolitical implications of the peace deal. Moreover, the return of these villages symbolizes a shift in power dynamics, with Azerbaijan asserting its territorial integrity while Armenia navigates recalibrations in its foreign policy priorities.
The return of the villages follows Azerbaijan’s lightning offensive last September, which saw the reclaiming of Nagorno-Karabakh and a dramatic shift in momentum in favor of Azerbaijan. While the return of the villages is a step towards peace, unresolved territorial disputes persist between Armenia and Azerbaijan, highlighting the fragility of the current situation. The protests led by Archbishop Bagrat Galstanyan reflect the deep-seated concerns within Armenian society regarding the implications of the peace deal and the perceived loss of territory.
Moving forward, both countries face significant challenges in consolidating peace and addressing the root causes of the conflict. Constructive dialogue and confidence-building measures will be essential to build trust and forge a sustainable peace for future generations. The return of the border villages marks a pivotal moment in the region’s history, offering hope for reconciliation amidst lingering tensions and domestic discontent. As Armenia and Azerbaijan navigate this delicate process, the international community must continue to support efforts towards lasting peace and stability in the South Caucasus.
