The military of Pakistan has intensified its operations following a sharp increase in violent attacks across the country. Over the weekend, intelligence-based operations in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa’s Bannu and Khyber districts resulted in the deaths of eight suspected militants. According to the Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR), the individuals targeted were involved in violent activities. These operations also claimed the lives of two military personnel.
A Surge in Violent Attacks
Pakistan has experienced a disturbing surge in attacks by armed groups, with 71 incidents reported in November 2024 alone, mostly concentrated in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. The Pakistan Institute for Conflict and Security Studies (PICSS) reported that these attacks led to the deaths of at least 127 fighters. Overall, the year has seen more than 856 violent incidents, surpassing 2023’s total of 645, and resulting in over 1,000 fatalities, including civilians and law enforcement personnel.
One of the most devastating attacks occurred on November 9, when a suicide bomber targeted a railway station in Quetta, Balochistan, killing at least 26 people and wounding more than 60. The separatist Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) claimed responsibility for the attack, alleging exploitation of the province’s natural resources by the federal government.
Government’s Military Response: Azm-e-Istehkam
In response to the rising violence, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif has announced a “comprehensive military operation” targeting separatist groups. This initiative builds on the military’s earlier campaign, ‘Azm-e-Istehkam’ (Resolve for Stability), launched in June. Despite these efforts, security analysts highlight significant challenges that hinder the effectiveness of such campaigns.
Challenges in Counterterrorism Operations
Financial constraints and a lack of local support pose major hurdles to Pakistan’s counterterrorism efforts. Amir Rana, director of the Pak Institute for Peace Studies, emphasized the high costs associated with large-scale military operations. Security analyst Ihsanullah Tipu noted a strategic shift from large-scale offensives to intelligence-based operations due to the absence of permanent bases for groups like the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP).
However, these operations face technological and intelligence gaps. Tipu suggested that advanced tools such as communication interception, aerial surveillance, and timely ground intelligence are critical for effective counterterrorism. Despite the elimination of several TTP commanders, the group has demonstrated resilience, claiming responsibility for over 200 attacks in a single month earlier this year.
Political Distractions and External Pressure
The military’s focus is further strained by political instability. Recent protests by supporters of former Prime Minister Imran Khan, calling for his release from prison, have added to the military’s responsibilities. Khan, ousted in 2022, has accused the military of orchestrating his removal, further complicating the security landscape.
Additionally, external pressure from China, whose nationals and installations in Pakistan have been targeted, has increased the urgency for effective counterterrorism measures.
Need for Civil-Military Collaboration
Experts argue that resolving Pakistan’s security crisis requires more than military interventions. “Civilian authorities must take the lead in addressing security concerns while promoting social engagement and economic development,” Tipu stated. Abdul Sayed, a conflict researcher, stressed that political rivalries distract from developing a coherent counterterrorism strategy.
As Pakistan grapples with escalating violence, its response must evolve beyond immediate military measures to include long-term socio-political solutions, ensuring sustainable peace in the region.
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